Here are my notes on this topic:
1. Neural anatomy
- Dendrites
- branched, bumped & bulbous
- dendritic spines
- chemical-gated channels
- Soma
- body
- nucleus
- Axon
- one but can branch
- smooth & thin
- initial segment
- voltage-gated channels
- 2 bad things can happen
- Loss of axon support
- endoplasmic reticulum (tube system)
- Alzheimer’s
- Loss of insulation
- myelin
- oligodendrocytes (brain)
- Schwann cells (peripheral)
- Principles
- resting potential & action potential
- all or none
- firing rate
- refractory period (3 ms)
- absolute (1 ms)
- relative (2 ms)
- thresholds
- super-threshold
- summation (temporal or spatial)
- Code 2 with one neuron
2. Nervous systems
- Central nervous system = brain & spine
- Peripheral
- Autonomic
- Sympathetic
- Parasympathetic
- Enteric
- Somatic (voluntary)
- Efferent vs afferent
- Motor vs sensory
- Autonomic
3. Genetics
- inherited vs acquired traits
- 3 things for life
- carbohydrates
- nucleic acid
- proteins
- DNA
- 2 identical strands in opposite direction
- molecule; long polymer
- 3 billion base pairs
- 46 chromosomes (package DNA for mitosis)
- chromatids (2 sister halves)
- autosomal
- numbered 1-22 (large to small)
- X-Y
- sex linked
- x = 175
- y = 50
- Evolution
- Lamarkian
- Darwinian
- natural selection
- artificial selection
- phenotype vs genotype
- Genes affect structures!
4. Blood-Brain Barrier
- Paul Ehrlich
- not a bag or membrane
- tighter endothelial walls
- wrapped in pericytes
- champed by astrocytes
- semi-permeable
- passive vs active
- broken by
- hypertension
- development
- chemicals & radiation
- brain injuries
- infections
- Alzheimer’s
5. Brain
- large pizza
- thin crust (1/4 inch)
- gyrus = ridges
- sulci = crevasses
- gray matter
- 6 layers
- 4 lobes
- occipital (vision)
- temporal (sound, language, memory)
- parietal (touch, pain, 3-D view of world)
- frontal
- motor cortex
- premotor cortex
- prefrontal cortex
- dorsolateral
- orbitofrontal
- ventromedial
