Here are my notes on this topic:
1. Sensation
- Smell
- Vestibular
- Sound
- Tactile
- touch
- temperature
- pain
- pressure
2. Gestalt
- German for shape or form
- pre-cognitive theory
- based on perception research
- integrated whole
- Figure & ground
- whole is greater than the sum of its parts
- self-organizing tendencies
- principle of totality = conscious thought is a relational complex
- phi phenomenon = flashing lights look like moving directionally
- Max Wertheimer
- Biotic experiments
- not double-blind experiments
- prefer phenomenon experimental analysis
- goal is to find a phenomenon and asses its sensory qualities and perceptual impact
- A reaction to structuralism of Wundt and Titchener
- Gestalt researchers
- Werheimer, Koffka, Kohler, Stumph
- Golden ratios
- Psychophysical isomorphism = correlation of experience and mental activity
3. Vision
Light
-
- electromagnetic energy
- magnetism
- electricity
- third dimension
- Frequency
- how often it comes
- wave length (peak to peak)
- longer is slower
- color
- part of spectrum
- Amplitude
- wave height
- intensity
- brightness
- Absorb & reflect
- light source
- observer
- see reflection
- object absorbs waves
- see color not absorbed
- impacted by
- relative distance
- smoothness
Eye
- transducer
- Light hits cornea of ee
- Exits by optic nerve
- Optic chiasm
- noses cross
- LGN
- small, oval, one on each side
- relay center
- eye to thalamus to occipital
- six layers of grey
- alternate with white matter
- part of thalamus collection
- 90% of fibers go to LGN
- 10% to superior colliculus
- controlling eye movements
- sent on to paretial lobe
- up center of head
- Blind Sight
- cortically blind
- lesions in striate cortex of occipital lobe (VI)
- respond to visual stimuli
- don’t consciously see
- research on patiens who have blindness on only one visual field
- Occipital lobe outputs
- Dorsal path (where pathway)
- to parietal lobe
- damage
- normal vision
- can read, recognize faces, describe objects
- know what things are but not where
- can’t reach out and grab
- Ventral path (what pathway)
- to temporal lobe
- ventral stream
- damage
- see where but not what
- can see and gratb
- can’t watch TV
- can’t read
- can’t recognize faces
- to inferior temporal cortex
- object recognition
- face recognition
- u pright faces
- fusiform gyrus
- left identifies face-like
- right identifies actual faces
- car model indentification
- bird species
- Geniculo-striate p athway
4. Rods & Cones
- Retina
- depression is retina
- macula
- fovea
- net of layers
- Macular degeneration
- dry: drusen deposits
- wet: choroid intrusion
- Rods
- stable
- black and white
- poor quality images
- good for target detection
- low light (10k more sensitive than cones)
- Cones
- 3 types: long, medium, short
- some in fovea connect 1 to 1 to occipital lobe
- color
- high quality images
- target identification
- high light
5. Color Vision
- molecules absorb light
- even molecules come in colors
- hit by light, change shape
- Chromophore
- type of bitamin A
- causes activation of large proteins called opsins
- Energy graph
- read from top to bottom
- amount of energy needed to respond to particular color
- Color is pattern of activity
- yellow = L more than M
- Red. = L is much more than M
- Green = easy to see
- Theories of Color
- Trichromatic
- Young-Helmhotlz
- 3 types of cones
- doesn’t explain red-green color blindness
- afterimages
- Opponent Process
- paired opposites
- white-black
- red-green
- yellow-blue
- afterimages from prolonged stimulation (fatiguing of receptors)
- doesn’t explain color constanc
- Retinex
- recognize color as light changes
- cortex compares inputs, determines brightness
