Awake
Daydreaming
Meditation
Sleep
- Altered states (binding problem)
- Short-term, reversible, not wide awake
- daydreaming: detached steam of consciousness
- advantages: future thinking, creativity, attentional cycling
- disadvantages: negative mood can be a result of daydreaming
- hypnosis (review)
- meditation
- mindfulness, focused attention
- Tangen’s 12 steps
- beginning signal
- cleansing breath
- close your eyes
- relax everything
- center yourself
- wait for the healing tone
- self-talk
- sensory scene
- smile (puppy)
- 3-2-1
- open your eyes
- ending signal
- mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT)
- Barnard & Teasdale (1991): mind has multiple modes for processing new info. Two modes: being (accepting & allowing) & doing (driven, goal oriented). Emphasis on metacognitive awareness (experience negative thoughts as events, not part of self). Depressed rely on one mode emotional, ignore cognitive mode; they can’t decenter.
- Seal & Williams: mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Cope with current stressors by not focusing on past or future.
- peak experience: Maslow’s self actualization
- traumatic experience (dazed)
- fasting
- intermittent fasting: less than 24 hrs
- spiritual experience
- Bahá’í: sunrise to sunset March 1-20, not younger than 15 or over 70
- Buddism: Vinaya monks; not each after noon meal (Middle path: avoid extremes of indulgence & self-mortification)
- Christianity: Lenten fast
- Hinduism: fast on Mondays (Shiva), Thursdays (Vishnu) or Saturdays (Ayyappa).
- Islam: Ramadan
- Judaism: 6 days a year (Yon Kippur, etc.)
- Taoism: avoiding grains
- Yoga: Monday or Thursday & full moon days
- physical exercise:
- trance: runners’ high
- infections
- hallucination & psychosis
- drugs & alcohol
