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Santiago Ramón y Cajal

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Ramón and the second or maternal family name is Cajal.
Santiago Ramón y Cajal
Cajal-Restored.jpg

Ramón y Cajal in 1899
Born 1 May 1852

Petilla de Aragón, Spain
Died 17 October 1934 (aged 82)

Madrid, Spain
Nationality Spanish
Education University of Zaragoza
Known for Fathering modern neuroscience
Discovery of the neuron
Cajal body, Cajal–Retzius cell, Interstitial cell of Cajal, Neuron doctrine, Growth cone, Dendritic spine, Long-term potentiation, Mossy fiber, Neurotrophic theory, Axo-axonic synapse, Pioneer axon, Pyramidal cell, Radial glial cell, Retinal ganglion cell, Trisynaptic circuit, Visual map theory
Awards Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1906)
Scientific career
Fields Neuroscience
Pathology
Histology
Institutions University of Valencia
Complutense University of Madrid
University of Barcelona
Signature
Firma de Santiago Ramón y Cajal.svg

Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Spanish: [sanˈtjaɣo raˈmon i kaˈxal]; 1 May 1852 – 17 October 1934)[1][2] was a Spanish neuroscientist, pathologist, and histologistspecializing in neuroanatomy and the central nervous system. He and Camillo Golgireceived the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906.[3] Ramón y Cajal was the first person of Spanish origin to win a scientific Nobel Prize. His original investigations of the microscopic structure of the brain made him a pioneer of modern neuroscience.

Hundreds of his drawings illustrating the arborizations (“tree growing”) of brain cells are still in use, since the mid-20th century, for educational and training purposes.[4]

Biography[edit]

Santiago Ramón y Cajal was born on the 1st of May 1852 in the town of Petilla de Aragón, Navarre, Spain.[1] As a child he was transferred many times from one school to another because of behavior that was declared poor, rebellious, and showing an anti-authoritarian attitude. An extreme example of his precociousness and rebelliousness at the age of eleven is his 1863 imprisonment for destroying his neighbor’s yard gate with a homemade cannon.[5] He was a keen painter

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History & Systems of Psychology

History & Systems of psychology starts with great thinkers.

History & Systems covers both the founders of psychology but also their theories. What we believe is often tied to who we are. To understand one is to better understand the other.

Historically, psychology is the combination of philosophy and experimental physiology. Essentially, we use the techniques of experimental physiology to answer the questions of philosophy. We try to use the scientific method to study the brain, thinking, consciousness, self concept and personality. Tobetter understand where we are, we first must look back at where we have been.

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Statistics

Statistics

RStatistics is an area of mathematics, a collection of tools for analyzing data, and a way of thinking. As a subset of mathematics, statistics can be the study of multidimensional space, models of chance, or representational structure and change. For most people, statistics is more practical.

Most see statistics as a collection of procedures in a stat. program: you push the button and out comes the answer. Descriptive statistics helps summarize a variable by finding the most representative score (mode, median or mean). It also describes how diverse the scores are. Inferential statistics goes beyond describing. It uses patterns of numbers to infer the relationships between variables. Researchers predictions, forecasts and decisions based on these patterns.

But statistics is at its best as a way of thinking. We live in a world of freedom. Things are not set but can change. In a broad sense, this independence of events can be seen as uncertainty. We know the sun will come up tomorrow (certainty) but we don’t what our day will hold (uncertainty). This uncertainty doesn’t bother us because we believe we can handle the circumstances of life as they come.

In general, people are not good at handling uncertainty. So we generally ignore it, and assume that life is stable. We accept that we sometimes fall, run into things with our cars, and get sick. We accept, at least in ourselves, that these events are chance: they are not the result of goblins, dragons or unicorns.  But we’re less willing to accept that intelligence, running, and musical ability are randomly distributed. Statistical thinking is applying logic to life. It is using the scientific method to better understand life’s uncertainty.

Here is a catalog style description of the course:

Introductory course in descriptive and inferential statistics.  Special attention given to data description, probability and the normal curve. Topics include critical intervals, hypothesis testing, goodness of fit and factorial analysis. Technology is used to analyze data sets.

Here is what it really means:

This course is all about planning, thinking and interpreting. Number crunching isn’t as important as thinking.

Let’s start with some basic principles.

What Is Statistics

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Highlight Photo by Crissy Jarvis on Unsplash

Statistics1 by Nick Youngson CC BY-SA 3.0 Alpha Stock Images

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Five Paths To Truth

Paths to truth
There are five paths to truth, at least.

Knowing what truth is will probably aid our search for it. Defining should precede detecting. But no one agrees on what a fully satisfactory definition of truth would include. Like so many simple everyday issues, truth is more complex when you begin thinking about it.

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