Experimental physiology has little to do with kites. And this is not Benjamin Franklin’s kite. That kite was flown in June of 1752. Nothing special, as kites go. But it is characteristic of the great scientific breakthroughs of the 18th century.
German Psychology
Like Wundt, the primary focus of German psychology was perception but these researchers didn’t limit themselves to one area of interest.
Russian Psychology
Russian Psychology focused on physiology. Indeed, Pavlov thought psychology to be only a fad.
American Psychology
American Psychology developed cooperatively and independently from French, German or Russian psychology. William James started a lab at the same time or earlier than Wundt but investigated a wider range of topics. It could also be argued that James was more scientific, since he didn’t rely on introspection.
But the birth of psychology wasn’t restricted to one country. Many countries were involved. However, there is no doubt that the United States spent more money, trained more people and embraced it more fully than anyone else. Here is a quick overview of some of the key players in American Psychology.
Japanese Psychology
Japanese Psychology flourished when students traveled to America and Europe for trading. There has been translations of psychological research, particularly by Amane Nishi, but being in the labs of other researchers was a motivating factor.
French Psychology
French Psychology was both influenced by German Psychology and independent of it. It has its own approach and its own heroes.
