Captain Psychology

History

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List of Names

I’m still working on the links.

A

Adler, Alfred
Angell, James
Aristotle
Aquinas, Thomas
Augustine

B

Bain,  Alexander
 Bandura, Albert

  Brentano, Franz
  Buhler, Karl
  Bell, Sir Charles
  Broca, Paul
  Berkeler, George
  Brown, Thomas
  Binet, Alfred
  Binswanger, Ludwig
  Bechterev, Vladimire M

C

  Chomsky, Noam
  Carr, Harvey A
  Cattell, James McKeen
  Confucius

D

  Darwin, Charles
  Dewey, John
  Democritus
  Descartes, Rene

E

  Ebbinghaus, Hermann
  Erikson, Erik
  Epicurus

F

  Freud, Sigmund
  Flourens, Pierre
  Fritsch & Hitzig
  Fechner, Gustav
  Fromm, Erich

G

  Galen
  Gall, Franz
  Galton, Sir Francis
  Galvani, Luigi
  Gassendi, Pierre
  Gorgius
  Guthrie, Edwin R

H

  Hippocrates
  Hartley, David
  Heidegger, Martin
  Hobbes, Thomas
  Hume, David
  Herbart, Johann
  Hall, Marshall
  Humboldt, Alexander
  Holt, Edwin B
  Horney, Karen
  Hull, Clark Leonard
  Helmholtz, Hermann
  Hering, Ewald

I

J

  James, William
  Jesus
  Jung, Carl Gustav

K

  Kant, Immanuel
  Kulpe, Oswald
  Koffka, Kurt
  Kohler, Wolfgang
  Kierkegaard, Soren

L

  Lashley, Karl
  Lewin, Kurt
  La Mettrie, Julien de
  Locke, John
  Leibnitz, Gottfried

M

  Mohammed
  Mill, James
  Mill, John Stuart
  Marbe, Karl
  Muller, Johannes
  Maslow, Abraham
  May, Rollo
  Mead, George Herbert
  McDougall, William

N

O

P

  Pythagaras
  Plato
  Pyrrho of Ellis
  Plotinus
  Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich
  Piaget, Jean

Q

R

  Reid,Thomas
  Rogers, Carl Ramsom

S

  Socrates
  Stewart, Douglad
  Spencer, Herbert
  Stumpf, Carl
  Spinoza, Baruch
  Skinner, B.F.
  Sullivan, Harry Stack
  Satre, Jean-Paul

T

  Terman, Lewis
  Thales
  Thorndike, Edward Lee
  Titchener, Edward B
  Tolman, Edward Chace

U

V

  Volta, Alessandro

W

  Watson, John Broadus
  Watt, Henry
  Weber, Ernest H
  Wertheimer, Max
  Woodworth, Robert S.
  Wundt, Wilhelm

X

Y

Z

   Zeno

 

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Thorndike’ s Accomplishments

  • 1. Founded connectionism
    • Through experience, neural bonds or connections are formed between perceived stimuli and emitted responses
    • Intellect facilitates formation of the neural bonds
    • People of higher intellect can form more bonds
    • People of higher intellect form bonds easier
    • The ability to form bonds is rooted in genetic potential through the genes’ influence on the structure of the brain
    • The content of intellect is a function of experience and cultural background
  • 2. Conducted the first animal lab studies
    • Research on cats in puzzle boxes
    • Trial-and-error learning
    • Cats escaped by trying various behaviors until hit on the one solution that worked
    • Discard all non-solution behaviors
    • “Stamp in” correct connection
  • 3. Proposed multifactor theory of intelligence
    • During the 1920’s
    • CAVD Test of Intelligence
    • Completion
    • Arithmetic
    • Vocabulary
    • Directions
  • 4. Popularized adult education
  • 5. Changed “trained mind” to “transferable skills”
    • Locke’s Doctrine of Formal Discipline
    • John Locke (1632-1704)
      • Empiricism = ideas originate with sensory experience
      • No innate ideas
      • Blank slate
      • The mind is like a muscle
      • You have to exercise it to make it stronger
      • Transfer depends on the amount of effort you put into mastering a task
      • To reason well, a man must exercise his mind by observing the connection of ideas and following them in train
    • John & John Stuart Mill “Train of thought”
      • Nothing does this better than mathematics
      • It should be taught to all those who have the time and opportunity
      • Not to make them mathematicians
      • But to make them “reasonable creatures”
      • Once the mind is trained, they will be able to transfer their reasoning skills to other areas of knowledge
    • Thorndike’s Theory of Identical Elements
      • Transfer takes place when the original task is similar to the transfer task
      • More similarity, more transfer
      • It depends on how many “elements” the two tasks have in common
      • Taking a high school course in geometry
      • Won’t strengthen a general ability to think logically
      • May help you later in life
      • If you become a surveyor or navigator
      • Won’t help you if you become a lawyer
  • 6. Laid the groundwork for behaviorism
    • Objective experimental approach
  • 7. Laid groundwork for operant conditioning
    • Law of Effect
  • 8. Laid the groundwork for psychometrics
    • Used factor analysis before there were computers
  • 9. Founded educational psychology

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Brain Wave Recording

Doctor and brain scans

This includes recording electrical waves with electroencephalography (EEG) and neural imaging with magnetic resonance (MRI). Developed in the 1930s, EEG is the oldest system for directly measuring brain activity. It is still widely used.

Brain imaging is used for structural exploration (hunting for a tumor) and functional examinations (what part of the brain is in use now). Both are valuable for identifying damaged regions, Alzheimer’s disease and stokes.

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Stereotactic Surgery

Brain surgery

Great precision is needed to perform surgery on the brains of live subjects. Sterostaxic surgery allows the 3-D visualization of the target region. A series of x, y and z-coordinates guide the probes of animal research or the surgical procedures needed to treat human disorders.

The same system of orthogonal coordinates is used to biopsy a tumor, ablate a rouge heart cell or inject a treatment for Parkinson’s.