We anticipate the unknown. We use our past experience to predict what will happen in the future. A closed door suggests surprises could be inside. A pregnant woman bring up associations with other people and situations. Our brains don’t like surprise, so we spin stories about possible things what will or might happen.
Here are 5 things we will cover:
- Perceptual Expectations
- Myths of Life
- Framing & Priming
- Loss Aversion
- Rotter
1. Perceptual Expectation
- illusions
- Gestalt
2. Myths of Life
- Life should be fair
Terms
- algorithm
- anchoring
- attribute substitution
- behavior potential
- bounded rationality
- choice-war = Tangen’s term for decision fatigue
- cognitive science
- contingency
- decision fatigue
- decision making
- decision satisfaction
- default setting heuristic
- depletion
- draw the problem
- event substitution heuristic
- expectation (E)
- expectations
- external locus of control
- fable
- fast and frugal
- focusing effect
- Fox & Cat
- framing effect
- George Pólya: “How To Solve It.”
- Gigerenzer, Gerd
- heuristics
- internal locus of control
- inventor’s paradox
- Iyengar & Lepper (too many choices)
- Kahneman & Frederick
- learned helplessness
- locus of control
- loss aversion
- mental shortcut
- moral of the story
- multiple alternatives
- options
- perspective shifting = abstract to concrete or concrete to abstract
- placebo effect
- predictions
- problem simplification
- processing time
- rational choice theory
- reasoning by simplification
- reinforcement value (RV)
- retrograde reasoning = working a problem backwards
- Rotter, Julian
- rule accessibility
- rule of thumb
- rule stability
- satisficing
- Simon, Herbert
- six options
- status quo heuristic
- trial and error heuristic
- Tversky & Kahneman
Qu8z
1. The Fox got caught because processing options:
- a. relieves anxiety
- b. relaxes you
- c. takes time
- d. is fun
2. Which will always work, even if it is not the fastest method:
- a. process analysis
- b. goal setting
- c. algorithm
- d. heuristic
3. Learned helplessness is similar to Rotter’s ______ locus of control.
- a. segmental
- b. relational
- c. external
- d. internal
4. Iyengar & Lepper note that the more options you have:
- a. the higher your satisfaction
- b. the lower your satisfaction
- c. the kinder you become
- d. the easier it gets
5. Analogies serve the purpose of:
- a. simplification
- b. amplification
- c. lateralization
- d. regeneration
1. The Fox got caught because processing options:
- a. relieves anxiety
- b. relaxes you
- c. takes time
- d. is fun
2. Which will always work, even if it is not the fastest method:
- a. process analysis
- b. goal setting
- c. algorithm
- d. heuristic
3. Learned helplessness is similar to Rotter’s ______ locus of control.
- a. segmental
- b. relational
- c. external
- d. internal
4. Iyengar & Lepper note that the more options you have:
- a. the higher your satisfaction
- b. the lower your satisfaction
- c. the kinder you become
- d. the easier it gets
5. Analogies serve the purpose of:
- a. simplification
- b. amplification
- c. lateralization
- d. regeneration
3. Framing & Priming
- Framing
- Priming
- Ariely
4. Loss Aversion
- Kahneman
5. Rotter
- Julian Rotter
- combines behaviorism plus cognition
- general expectation theory
- BP = f(E & RV)
- behavioral potential (BP)
- expectations (E); likelihood
- reinforcement value (RV); reward size
- locus of control
- “externals”
- learned helplessness
- “internals”
The Fox got caught because processing options:
- a. relieves anxiety
- b. relaxes you
- c. takes time
- d. is fun
2. Which will always work, even if it is not the fastest method:
- a. process analysis
- b. goal setting
- c. algorithm
- d. heuristic
3. Learned helplessness is similar to Rotter’s ______ locus of control.
- a. segmental
- b. relational
- c. external
- d. internal
4. Iyengar & Lepper note that the more options you have:
- a. the higher your satisfaction
- b. the lower your satisfaction
- c. the kinder you become
- d. the easier it gets
5. Analogies serve the purpose of:
- a. simplification
- b. amplification
- c. lateralization
- d. regeneration
1. The Fox got caught because processing options:
- a. relieves anxiety
- b. relaxes you
- c. takes time
- d. is fun
2. Which will always work, even if it is not the fastest method:
- a. process analysis
- b. goal setting
- c. algorithm
- d. heuristic
3. Learned helplessness is similar to Rotter’s ______ locus of control.
- a. segmental
- b. relational
- c. external
- d. internal
4. Iyengar & Lepper note that the more options you have:
- a. the higher your satisfaction
- b. the lower your satisfaction
- c. the kinder you become
- d. the easier it gets
5. Analogies serve the purpose of:
- a. simplification
- b. amplification
- c. lateralization
- d. regeneration
